What defines black box testing?

Black box testing is characterized by the fact that the internal workings of the system are not known or considered during the testing process. It focuses on evaluating the functionality of the software by feeding it input and observing the output, without any knowledge of how the internal components work. This approach allows testers to assess whether the system behaves as expected based on its specifications, regardless of how those outcomes are achieved through the underlying code structure.

Testing the entire system without requiring insight into its inner mechanisms allows for a broader evaluation of the software's user-experience aspects, ensuring that external functionalities align with the intended results. This contrasts with options that emphasize knowledge of the internal code or focus on specific components rather than the overall functionality.