How is a "system" best defined?

A "system" is best defined as a collection of interconnected components that serve a function or purpose because it emphasizes the relationships and interactions among the various parts to achieve a specific goal. In engineering and various scientific fields, a system is not merely a random assortment of elements but rather a cohesive assembly where each component plays a role in the functionality of the whole. This interconnectedness means that the behavior of the system as a whole can often be drastically different from the behavior of the individual components in isolation.

For instance, consider a car as a system; it consists of various parts such as the engine, transmission, brakes, and electrical systems, all of which must work together to propel the vehicle and ensure it operates safely and efficiently. The purpose-driven nature of this definition highlights that each component is designed to contribute to the system's overall performance and function. This idea is foundational in systems engineering, where understanding the interactions within a system is crucial for designing effective solutions.

In contrast, other definitions describe collections of components that lack the critical aspect of interconnection and functional purpose, making them inadequate to truly capture the essence of what constitutes a system.